Education

Ph.D. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1979
M.S. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1976
B.S. Drexel University

Research Interests

Fossil plants of late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic age (240-350 million years old)

Paleoecology and evolutionary biology • Documentation of ancient plant communities, their composition and short-term spatial and temporal dynamics • The response of plant communities to long- and short-term environmental changes: issues of species individuality in response to changing climates; ecosystem disassembly and reassembly in response to the Late Paleozoic transition from a cold to a warm Earth • Evolutionary assembly of early terrestrial ecosystems: search for general rules at that link evolutionary and ecological phenomena • Search for spatial temporal relationships between macroevolutionary changes and macroecological patterns

Areas of Field Work

Southwestern US, including Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, New Mexico, Utah and Arizona. It is in these areas that late Paleozoic rocks, particularly those of Permian age crop out. Additional field work in areas of Pennsylvanian outcrop in the Illinois Basin and parts of the Appalachian Basin.

Honors:

• Distinguished Lecturer, Paleontological Society, 2003-2005
• Distinguished Lecturer, Coal Division, Geological Society of America,1996-1997
• Fellow, Geological Society of America,1992
• Isabella C. Cookson Award, Botanical Society of America,1979

Editorial Service:

• Associate Editor, Palaios
• Associate Editor, Journal of Paleontology
• Member, Editorial Board, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
• Co-editor, Paleobiology 2002-2004

Society Memberships:

• Paleontological Society
• SEPM
• Botanical Society of America, Paleobotanical Section
• American Society of Naturalists
• American Association for the Advancement of Science
• International Organization of Paleobotany

Publications

DiMichele, W.A., Phillips, T.L., and Pfefferkorn, H.W. 2006. The paleoecology of late Paleozoic pteridosperms from tropical Euramerica. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 133: 83-118.

Chaney, D.S. and DiMichele, W.A. in press. Paleobotany in the redbeds (Clear Fork Group – Early Permian) of north central Texas.  International Carboniferous and Permian Congress, Compte Rendu. 4/05

DiMichele, W.A., Tabor, N.J., Chaney, D.S. and Nelson, W.J., 2006. From wetlands to wetspots: the fate and significance of Carboniferous elements in Early Permian coastal plain floras of North-Central Texas. In: Greb, S. and DiMichele, W.A., eds. Wetlands Through Time. Geological Society of America Special Publication 299: 223-248.

Greb, S.F., DiMichele, W.A., and Gastaldo, R.A. 2006. Evolution and importance of wetlands in Earth history. In: S. Greb and W.A. DiMichele, eds. Wetlands Through Time. Geological Society of America Special Publication 399:

Willard, D.A., Phillips, T.L., Lesnikowska, A.D., and DiMichele, W.A. Paleoecology of the Late Pennsylvanian-Age Calhoun coal bed and Implications for Long-term Dynamics of Wetland Ecosystems. International Journal of Coal Geology.

DiMichele, W.A., Chaney, D.S. Nelson, W.J., Lucas, S.G., Looy, C., Quick, K., and Wang J. A Low Diversity, Seasonal Tropical Landscape Dominated by Conifers and Peltasperms: Early Permian Abo Formation, New Mexico. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology.

Montañez, I.P., Tabor, N.J., Niemeier, D., DiMichele, W.A., Frank, T.D., Fielding, C.R., and Isbell, J.L. Evidence for a Strong CO2-Climate-Glaciation Link During the Late Paleozoic Icehouse-Greenhouse Transition. Science.

DiMichele, W.A. and R.M. Bateman.  2005.  Evolution of land plant diversity: Major innovations and lineages through time.  In  G.A. Krupnick and W.J. Kress, eds., Plant Conservation: A Natural History Approach, pp. 3-14.  University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London.

DiMichele, W.A., Gastaldo, R.A., and Pfefferkorn, H.W. 2005. Plant biodiversity partitioning in the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian and its implications for ecosystem assembly. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 56 (supplement 1): 32-49.

Krings, M., Klavins, S.D., DiMichele, W.A., Axsmith, B.J., Kerp, H., and Taylor, T.N. 2005. Epidermal anatomy of Glenopteris splendens Sellards nov. emend., an enigmatic seed plant from the Lower Permian of Kansas (U.S.A.). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 136:159-180.

DiMichele, W.A., Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, J.H.A., Looy, C.V., and Chaney, D.S. 2005. Equisetites from the Early Permian of North-Central Texas  In: S.G. Lucas and K.E. Zeigler, eds., The Nonmarine Permian. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 30: 56-59.

DiMichele, W.A., Tabor, N.J., and Chaney, D.S. 2005. Outcrop-scale Environmental Heterogeneity and Vegetational Complexity in the Permo-Carboniferous Markley Formation of North Central Texas.  In: S.G. Lucas and K.E. Zeigler, eds., The Nonmarine Permian. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 30: 60-66.

DiMichele, W.A., Kerp, H., Krings, M., and Chaney, D.S. 2005. The Permian Peltasperm Radiation: Evidence from the Southwestern United States. In: S.G. Lucas and K.E. Zeigler, eds., The Nonmarine Permian. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 30: 67-79.

Chaney, D.S., Sues, H.-D., and DiMichele, W.A.  2005. A juvenile skeleton of the nectridean amphibian Diplocaulus and associated flora and fauna from the Mitchell Creek Flats locality (upper Waggoner Ranch Formation; Early Permian), Baylor County, North-Central Texas, USA.  In: S.G. Lucas and K.E. Zeigler, eds., The Nonmarine Permian. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 30: 39-47.

DiMichele, W.A. and Chaney, D.S. 2005. Pennsylvanian-Permian fossil floras from the Cutler Group, Cañon del Cobre and Arroyo del Agua areas, in northern New Mexico. In: S.G. Lucas, K.E. Zeigler, and J.A. Speilmann, eds., The Permian of Central New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 31: 26-33.

DiMichele, W.A., H. Kerp, and D.S. Chaney. 2004. Tropical floras of the Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian transition: Carrizo Arroyo in context. In: SG. Lucas and K.E. Zeigler, eds., Carboniferous-Permian Transition at Carrizo Arroyo, Central New Mexico.  New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Bulletin 25: 105-110.

DiMichele, W.A., A.K. Behrensmeyer, T.D. Olszewski, C.C. Labandeira, J.M. Pandolfi, S.L. Wing, and R. Bobe. 2004 Long-term stasis in ecological assemblages: Evidence from the fossil record. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 35: 285-322.

DiMichele, W.A., R.W. Hook, W.J. Nelson, and D.S. Chaney.  2004. An unusual Middle Permian flora from the Blaine Formation (Pease River Group, Leonardian-Guadalupian Series) of King County, West Texas.  Journal of Paleontology 78: 765-782.

Greb, S.F., Andrews, W.M., Eble, C.F., DiMichele, W., Cecil, C.B., and Hower, J.C., 2003, Desmoinesian coal beds of the Eastern Interior and surrounding basins: the largest tropical peat mires in earth history, in Chan, M.A., and Archer, A.W. (Eds.), Extreme Depositional Environments: Mega-end members in Geologic Time: Geological Society of America, Special Publication 370, p. 127-150.

Bateman, R.M. and DiMichele, W.A. 2003. Genesis of phenotypic and genotypic diversity in land plants: the present as the key to the past. Systematics and Biodiversity 1: 13-28.

Hotton, N,. III, Feldmann, R.M., Hook, R.W., and DiMichele, W.A. 2002. Crusteacean-bearing continental deposits in the Petrolia Formation (Leonardian Series, Lower Permian) of north-central Texas. Journal of Paleontology.  76: 486-494.

DiMichele, W.A. and T.L. Phillips. 2002. The ecology of Paleozoic ferns. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 119: 143-159.

DiMichele, W.A., T.L. Phillips, and W.J. Nelson. 2002. Place vs. time and vegetational persistence: a comparison of four tropical paleomires from the Illinois Basin at the height of the Pennsylvanian ice age.  International Journal of Coal Geology. 50: 43-72.

Bateman, R.M. and W.A. DiMichele. 2002. Generating and filtering major phenotypic novelties: neoGoldschmidtian saltation revisited. In: Q.C.B. Cronk, R.M. Bateman and J.A. Hawkins, eds. Developmental Genetics and Plant Evolution.  Taylor and Francis, London.  Pp. 109-159.

DiMichele, W.A., W.J. Nelson, N. Tabor and D.S. Chaney. 2002. Permian rocks and fossils of North-Central Texas.  In: R. Burkhalter, W. May, W. DiMichele and D. Chaney, eds., Early Permian Vertebrates of Southwestern Oklahoma and North-Central Texas.  Field Trip 4, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 62nd Annual Meeting, Field Trip Guidebook. Oklahoma Geological Survey Open File Report 10-2002: 81-87.

DiMichele, W.A., S.H. Mamay, D.S. Chaney, R.W. Hook and W.J. Nelson. 2001. An Early Permian flora with Late Permian and Mesozoic affinities from north-central Texas. Journal of Paleontology 75: 449-460.

DiMichele, W.A., H.W. Pfefferkorn, and R.A. Gastaldo. 2001. Response of Late Carboniferous and Early Permian plant communities to climate change. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 29: 461-487.

DiMichele, W.A., W.E. Stein, and R.M. Bateman. 2001. Ecological sorting during the Paleozoic radiation of vascular plant classes. In: W.D. Allmon and D.J. Bottjer, eds., Evolutionary Paleoecology. Columbia University Press. Pp. 285-335.

Laveine, J.-P. and W.A. DiMichele. 2001. The qualitative approach for Carbniferous plant taxonomic analyses: implications of the Linopteris-Reticulopteris distinction.  Revue Paléobiologie, Genève 20: 415-433.

DiMichele, W.A. 2000. Ecosystem dynamics.  McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology. McGraw-Hill, NY. pp. 129-131.

DiMichele, W.A. 2000. Carboniferous Coal Swamp Forests. In: D.E.G. Briggs and P.R. Crowther, eds., Palaeobiology II. London: Blackwell Science. Pp 79-82.

DiMichele, W.A., W.H. Dixon, W.J. Nelson, D.S. Chaney and R.W. Hook. 2000. An Early Permian coastal flora from the Central Basin Platform of Gaines County, west Texas. Palaios. 15: 524-534.

Pfefferkorn, H.W., R.A. Gastaldo, and W.A. DiMichele. 2000. Ecological stability during the late Paleozoic cold interval. In: R.A. Gastaldo and W.A. DiMichele, eds., Terrestrial Ecosystems, A Short Course. Paleontological Society Papers 6: 63-78.

Phillips, T.L. and W.A. DiMichele. 1999. Coal ball sampling and quantification. In: T.P. Jones and N.P. Rowe, eds., Fossil Plants and Spores: Modern Techniques. Geological Society, London.  Pp. 206-209.

Phillips, T.L. and W.A. DiMichele. 1998. A transect through a clastic-swamp to peat-swamp ecotone in the Springfield coal, Middle Pennsylvanian age of Indiana, U.S.A. Palaios 13: 110-125.

DiMichele, W.A. 1998. Online – Love’s Labour Lost? Or the tragic story of a young paleontologist who chooses fossil plants as his life’s work only to discover at age 50 that his mother thinks he should have studied dinosaurs (“Why aren’t you ever on TV?”). Palaios 13: 405-407.

Bateman, R.M., P.R. Crane, W.A. DiMichele, P. Kenrick, N.P. Rowe, T. Speck, and W.E. Stein. 1998. Early evolution of land plants: phylogeny, physiology, and ecology of the primary terrestrial radiation.  Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 29: 263-292.

Baker, R. and W.A. DiMichele. 1997. Resource allocation in Late Pennsylvanian coal-swamp plants. Palaios 12: 127-132.

DiMichele, W.A. and T.L. Phillips. 1996. Climate change, plant extinctions, and vegetational recovery during the Middle-Late Pennsylvanian transition: the case of tropical peat-forming environments in North America. In: M.L. Hart, ed., Biotic Recovery from Mass Extinctions. London: Geological Society Special Publication 102: 201-221.

DiMichele, W.A. and R.M. Bateman. 1996. Plant paleoecology and evolutionary inference: two examples from the Paleozoic. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 90: 223-247.

Gastaldo, R.A., W.A. DiMichele, and H.W. Pfefferkorn. 1996. Out of the icehouse into the greenhouse: a late Paleozoic analogue for modern global vegetational change. GSA Today 6: 1-7.

DiMichele, W.A., H.W. Pfefferkorn, and T.L. Phillips. 1996. Persistence of Late Carboniferous tropical vegetation during glacially driven climatic and sea-level fluctuations. Palaeoclimatology, Palaeogeography, and Palaeoecology. 125: 105-128. 

DiMichele, W.A., C.F. Eble and D.S. Chaney. 1996. A drowned lycopsid forest above the Mahoning coal (Conemaugh Group, Upper Pennsylvanian) in eastern Ohio, U.S.A. International Journal of Coal Geology 31: 249-276.

DiMichele, W.A. and T.L. Phillips. 1996. Clades, ecological amplitudes, and ecomorphs: phylogenetic effects and the persistence of primitive plant communities in the Pennsylvanian-age tropics. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 127: 83-106.

DiMichele, W.A. and R.M. Bateman. 1996. The rhizomorphic lycopsids: a case study in paleobotanical classification. Systematic Botany 21: 535-552.

Willard, D.A., W.A. DiMichele, J.C. Hower, D.L. Eggert, C.B. Rexroad, and A.C. Scott. 1995. Paleoecology of the Springfield Coal Member (Middle Pennsylvanian, Illinois Basin) near the Leslie Cemetery Paleochannel, southwestern Indiana. International Journal of Coal Geology 27: 59-98.

DiMichele, W.A. and T.L. Phillips. 1995. The response of hierarchically-structured ecosystems to long-term climate change: a case study using tropical peat swamps of Pennsylvanian age. In: S.M. Stanley, A.H. Knoll, and J.P. Kennett, eds., Effects of Past Global Change on Life. National Research Council, Studies in Geophysics, pp. 134-155.

Gastaldo, R.A., H.W. Pfefferkorn, and W.A. DiMichele. 1995. Characteristics and classification of Carboniferous roof shale floras. In: P.C. Lyons, E.D. Morey, and R.H. Wagner, eds., Historical perspectives of early Twentieth Century Carboniferous paleobotany in North America. Geological Society of America Memoir 185: 341-352.

Wing, S.L. and W.A. DiMichele. 1995. Conflict between local and global changes in plant diversity through geological time. Palaios 10: 551-564.

DiMichele, W.A. 1994. Ecological patterns in time and space. Paleobiology (Matters of the Record) 20: 89-92.

DiMichele, W.A. and T.L. Phillips. 1994. Paleobotanical and paleoecological constraints on models of peat formation in the Late Carboniferous of Euramerica. Palaeoclimatology, Palaeogeography, and Palaeoecology 106: 39-90.

Bateman, R.M. and W.A. DiMichele. 1994. Saltational evolution of form in vascular plants: a neoGoldschmidtian synthesis. In: D.S. Ingram, ed., Shape and Form in Plants and Fungi. Linnean Society, Symposium Series 16: 61-100.

Dolph, G.E., R.A. Gastaldo, W.A. DiMichele, and D.M. Hunn. 1994. Karinopteris, a fossil pteridosperm from the "paper" coal of Indiana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 98: 433-448.

Bateman, R.M. and W.A. DiMichele. 1994. Heterospory: the most iterative key innovation in the evolution of plants. Biological Reviews 69: 345-417.

DiMichele, W.A. and R.M. Bateman. 1993. Validation of Synchysidendron, gen. nov. (Fossiles). Taxon 42: 76-80.

DiMichele, W.A. and R.W. Hook, rapporteurs. 1992. Paleozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems. In: Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time, A.K. Behrensmeyer et al., editors. University of Chicago Press, pp. 205-325.

Wing, S.L. and W.A. DiMichele. 1992. Ecological characterization of fossil plants.  In: Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time, A.K. Behrensmeyer, et al., editors. University of Chicago Press, pp. 139-180.

Wing, S.L., H.-D. Sues, R. Potts, W.A. DiMichele, and A.K. Behrensmeyer. 1992. Evolutionary paleoecology. In: Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time, A.K. Behrensmeyer, et al., editors. University of Chicago Press, pp. 1-13.

DiMichele, W.A. and R.B. Aronson. 1992. The Pennsylvanian-Permian vegetational transition: a terrestrial analogue to the onshore-offshore hypothesis. Evolution 46: 807-824.

DiMichele, W.A. and R.M. Bateman. 1992. Diaphorodendraceae, fam. nov. (Lycopsida: Carboniferous): systematics and evolutionary relationships of Diaphorodendron and Synchysidendron, gen. nov.  American Journal of Botany 79: 605-617.

DiMichele, W.A. and J.A. Skog. 1992. The Lycopsida: a symposium. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 79: 447-449.

Bateman, R.B., W.A. DiMichele and D.A. Willard. 1992. Experimental cladistic analysis of anatomically-preserved arborescent lycopsids from the Carboniferous of Euramerica: an essay on paleobotanical phylogentics. Annals of the Missouri  Botanical Garden, 79: 500-559.

Phillips, T.L. and W.A. DiMichele. 1992. Comparative ecology and life-history biology of arborescent lycopods in Late Carboniferous swamps of Euramerica. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 79: 560-588.

Bateman, R.M. and W.A. DiMichele. 1991. Hizemodendron, gen. nov., a pseudoherbaceous segregate of Lepidodendron (Pennsylvanian): Phylogenetic context for evolutionary changes in lycopsid growth architecture. Systematic Botany 16: 195-205.

DiMichele, W.A., T.L. Phillips and G.E. McBrinn. 1991. Quantitative analysis and paleoecology of the Secor coal and roof-shale floras (Middle Pennsylvanian, Oklahoma). PALAIOS 6: 390-409.

DiMichele, W.A. and B.S. Beall. 1990. Flora, fauna and paleoecology of the Brazil Formation of Indiana. Rocks & Minerals 65: 244-250.

DiMichele, W.A., J.I. Davis and R.G. Olmstead. 1989. Origins of  heterospory and the seed habit: the role of heterochrony. Taxon. 38: 1-11.

DiMichele, W.A. and W.J. Nelson. 1989. Small-scale spatial heterogeneity in Pennsylvanian-age vegetation from the roof-shale of the Springfield Coal. PALAIOS. 4: 276-280.

DiMichele, W.A. and T.L. Phillips. 1988. Paleoecology of the Middle Pennsylvanian-age Herrin coal swamp near a contemporaneous river system, the Walshville Paleochannel. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 56: 151-176.

DiMichele, W.A., T.L. Phillips and R.G. Olmstead. 1987. Opportunistic evolution: abiotic environmental stress and the fossil record of plants. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 50: 151-178.

DiMichele, W.A. and P.J. DeMaris. 1987.  Structure and dynamics of a Pennsylvanian-age Lepidodendron forest: colonizers of a disturbed swamp habitat in the Herrin (No. 6) Coal of Illinois. PALAIOS 2: 146-157.

DiMichele, W.A., T.L. Phillips and D.A. Willard. 1986. Morphology and paleoecology of Pennsylvanian-age coal-swamp plants. IN: T.W. Broadhead, ed., Land Plants, Notes for a Short Course. University of Tennessee, Studies in Geology, 15: 97-114.

DiMichele, W.A. 1985. Diaphorodendron gen. nov., a segregate from Lepidodendron (Pennsylvanian age). Systematic Botany 10: 453-458.

DiMichele, W.A. and T.L. Phillips. 1985. Arborescent lycopod reproduction and paleoecology in a coal-swamp environment of late Middle Pennsylvanian age (Herrin Coal, Illinois). Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 44: 1-26.

DiMichele, W.A., M.O. Rischbieter, D.L. Eggert and R.A. Gastaldo. 1984. Stem and leaf cuticle of Karinopteris: source of cuticles from the Indiana "paper" coal.  Amer. J. Bot. 71: 626-637.

DiMichele, W.A., T.L. Phillips and R.A. Peppers. 1985. The influence of climate and depositional environment on the distribution and evolution of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp plants. IN: B. Tiffney, ed., Geologic Factors and the Evolution of Plants. Yale University Press, New Haven. p. 223-256.

Nelson, W.J., D.L. Eggert, W.A. DiMichele and A.C. Stecyk. 1985. Origin of discontinuities in coal-bearing strata at Roaring Creek (basal Pennsylvanian of Indiana). Inter. J. Coal Geol. 4: 355-370.

Phillips, T.L., R.A. Peppers and W.A. DiMichele. 1985. Stratigraphic and interregional changes in Pennsylvanian-age coal- swamp vegetation: environmental inferences. Inter. J. Coal Geol. 5: 43-109.

DiMichele, W.A. 1983. Lepidodendron hickii and generic delimitation in Carboniferous lepidodendrid lycopods. Systematic Botany 8: 317-333.

DiMichele, W.A. 1982. Fossil plants of shales and coals in the Roaring Creek area.  IN: D.L. Eggert and T.L. Phillips, eds., Environments of Deposition: Coal Balls, Paper Coals and Gray-Shale Floras in Fountain and Parke Counties, Indiana. Indiana Geol. Survey Special Report 30: 19-21.

DiMichele, W.A. 1981. Arborescent lycopods of Pennsylvanian age coals: Lepidodendron, with description of a new species. Palaeontographica 175B: 85-125.

 DiMichele, W.A. and G. Dolph. 1981. Guidebook to Pennsylvanian plant localities, AIBS Field Trip 2, 32nd Annual AIBS Meeting, Bloomington, Indiana. Indiana University Press, 8 pp.

Phillips, T.L. and W.A. DiMichele. 1981. Paleoecology of Middle Pennsylvanian age coal swamps in southern Illinois -- Herrin Coal Member at Sahara Mine No. 6.  IN: K.J. Niklas, ed., Paleobotany, Paleoecology and Evolution. Praeger Scientific Publishers, New York, Vol. 1: 231-285.

DiMichele, W.A. 1980. Upper part of the Mansfield and parts of the Brazil Formation, Roaring Creek area, Parke County, Indiana: paleobotany and sedimentology.  IN: R.L. Langenheim and C.J. Mann, eds., Middle and Late Pennsylvanian Strata on Margin of Illinois Basin. 10th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, Great Lakes Section, society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 105-111.

 DiMichele, W.A. 1980. Paralycopodites Morey & Morey, from the Carboniferous of Euramerica: a reassessment of the generic affinities and evolution of "Lepidodendron" brevifolium Williamson. Amer. J. Bot. 67: 1466-1476.

DiMichele, W.A. and T.L. Phillips. 1979. Stelastellara Baxter, axes of questionable gymnosperm affinity with unusual habit -- Middle Pennsylvanian. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 27: 103-117.

 DiMichele, W.A. 1979. Arborescent lycopods of Pennsylvanian age coals: Lepidophloios. Palaeontographica 171B: 57-77.

DiMichele, W.A. 1979. Arborescent lycopods of Pennsylvanian age coals: Lepidodendron dicentricum C. Felix. Palaeontographica 171B: 122-136.

DiMichele, W.A., J.F. Mahaffy and T.L. Phillips. 1979. Lycopods of Pennsylvanian age coals: Polysporia. Canad. J. Bot. 57: 1740-1753.

DiMichele, W.A. and T.L. Phillips. 1977. Monocyclic Psaronius from the Lower Pennsylvanian of the Illinois Basin. Canad. J. Bot. 55: 2514-2524.

DiMichele, W.A. and T.L. Phillips. 1976. Thallities dichopleurus sp. nov. from the Middle Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek flora.  Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 103: 218-222.